LA FAMILIA

L A   F A M I L I A  D E   I S A B E L   R U B I O

Por: M.Sc. Enrique Giniebra Giniebra, asesor histórico

Los padres

Antonio Matías Rubio y Valero, padre de Isabel Rubio

El padre Antonio Matías Rubio y Valero era natural de Vereda Nueva, había estudiado medicina y ejercía esa profesión en el partido de Guane. Fue uno de los grandes propietarios de Pinar del Río, con cuantiosos bienes, sobre todo, en tierras dedicadas a la ganadería y la producción de tabaco. Como persona influyente ocupó el cargo de capitán pedáneo, el de mayor jerarquía del partido de Guane, según consta en documentos asentados en las Escribanías de Gobierno en los años 1836 y 1837.

En varias décadas adquirió sus haciendas, tituladas Hato de Guane, donde tenía varias vegas, ganado y comercios, Santa Lucia y Santa Olaya, ciento tres caballerías de la hacienda Cruces de Avalos, y veinte de San Francisco, la hacienda el Roblar de legua y media de extensión y su anexo el colmenar El Ají, la mitad de la hacienda San Julián, de cinco leguas y varias vegas, además con intereses en la otra parte de esta propiedad, la hacienda de crianza denominada Guaniguanico , alias Hato Viejo, de dos leguas dos vegas a orillas del río Cuyaguateje, dos casas de mampostería y teja en el poblado de Paso Real de Guane y otra que había heredado de su difunto hijo Enrique Dámaso, veinte yuntas de bueyes, cinco carretas y cinco carretones y cinco acciones del ferrocarril del oeste.

La forma en que Antonio Matías Rubio adquirió esos bienes, sobre todo, durante los dos últimos matrimonios, determinaron las diferencias en cuanto a la distribución de estos entre los hijos y nietos.

Tuvo once hijos, de los tres primeros matrimonios. Isabel fue la primera de un total de cuatro del segundo casamiento con Prudencia Díaz Díaz-Pimienta en el año 1836. Como sucedió con la primera de sus esposas Prudencia enfermó y 9 años después fallecía en Paso Real de Guane. Cuando se produce aquel triste suceso el 20 de julio de 1845, Isabel tenía ocho años, Antonia Martina seis, Enrique Dámaso cinco y Josefa tres. Es oportuno aclarar que las dos primeras esposas de Antonio Matías eran primas y que precisamente el tío materno de Isabel Rubio, Antonio Díaz Pimienta, era abuelo de su hermano mayor Antonio Andrés Rubio Diaz Pimienta.

Los Hermanos

Los hermanos por orden de nacimiento fueron: Antonio Andrés Rubio Diaz Pimienta, María Isabel del Rosario Rubio Diaz, que nació el 8 de julio de 1837, Enrique Dámaso Rubio Diaz, Antonia Martina Rubio Diaz, Josefa Francisca Rubio Diaz, Juan Ramón Rubio Valdés, Matilde de la Trinidad Rubio Valdés, Matías Paulino Rubio Valdés, Buena ventura Carmelo Rubio Valdés, José Alejandro Rubio Valdés y Luisa Alejandra Rubio Valdés. En 1891 en el momento de testar Antonio Matías Rubio y Valero en Paso Real de Guane ante el notario Domingo Fors y Perdomo, habían fallecido tres de sus hijos. Enrique Dámaso, Antonia Martina y Luisa Alejandra.

La muerte de la madre

María Prudencia Díaz, madre de Isabel Rubio.

El día 10 de julio de 1845 en su testamento Prudencia dejaría constancia de la familia y los bienes que podían heredar.

Entre sus propiedades se encontraban un potrero de diez y ocho caballerías de tierras en a hacienda Potrero; una vega de una y media caballería; otra vega de una caballería, también en la hacienda mencionada, cuartón de La Catalina, con todos sus bienes , casas, animales, frutales, como las anteriores; casa de mampostería y teja en el caserío de Paso Real de Guane en el potrero mencionado , construida hacia poco tiempo , que tenía veinte y cuatro varas de frente, ocho de fondo, con sus colgadizos y cocina de tabla de palma y teja de diez y seis varas.

Era dueña de 18 esclavos, ocho yuntas de bueyes, cinco caballos, dos carretas sesenta y seis reses y treinta cerdos. Todo constituía un monto de capital ascendente a 13 619.

Lorenza Valdés: la madre de crianza

Fue una decisión excepcional dejar establecido en su testamento 10 días antes del fallecimiento, la concesión de libertad a su esclava Lorenza Valdés, por los servicios prestados, con cuenta de ahorro por cinco años, para cuidar a sus hijos y educarlos. En aquellos años de la primera mitad del siglo XIX no era común este tipo de acto y mucho menos confiar el cuidado y educación de los hijos a una esclava, ello prueba la visión de Prudencia y el ambiente de confianza que se había generado con los esclavos y la intimidad de sus hijos con ellos.

En ese contexto tan dramático del año 1845, la familia Rubio Díaz recibió la educación de aquella mujer de toda confianza, quien le trasmitió los valores imprescindibles de amor y respeto a los demás, la solidaridad y el rechazo a las injusticias.

Rosa Gómez Rubio, hija de Isabel Rubio.

Matrimonio e hijos

Isabel Rubio hija del segundo matrimonio, no heredó al morir sus padres una considerable fortuna, como han anunciado algunos erradamente, según se muestra en su testamento y otros documentos. Tampoco sería significativa la herencia de su difunto esposo Joaquín Gómez Garzón, con quien se casó el 2 de junio de 1851 en la iglesia San Idelfonso de Guane. De esa unión tienen cinco hijos, aunque algunas fuentes señalan seis, nosotros hemos encontrado solamente los nombres de Joaquín Cecilio, que muere muy pequeño, Ana, Isabel, Rosa y Modesto. Los últimos cuatro son los que la patriota relaciona en su testamento.

Modesto Gómez Rubio, hijo de Isabel Rubio.

El 15 de junio de 1895, comenzada ya la guerra de independencia, la insigne patriota realiza una venta de sus bienes a Cándido Parra, esposo de su sobrina Blanca Rosa. El acto se realiza ante el notario Domingo Fors y Perdomo en el barrio Juan Gómez, del municipio de Guane, donde se especifica que es un pacto en confianza, a través del cual vende a Parra una vega de siete caballerías y 180 cordeles, situada en el barrio de La Catalina, otra vega de dos caballerías denominada Morón en el mismo barrio, así como la herencia del padre, todo por seis mil pesos.

Estas propiedades, recogidas también en su testamento del 15 de febrero de 1898 demuestran el status de Isabel Rubio como miembro de los sectores medios de la sociedad pinareña y la protección de esos bienes vísperas de su incorporación a la lucha por la independencia.

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